Osteoarthritis and its Implications

Knee pain affects most people at one time or another. The knees support the weight of the body and enable leg movement. The regular stress of years of activity and wear can produce pain that can range from dull to debilitating. Intensive sports and exercise subject a body to the potential for knee pain and injury. People who are inactive are also susceptible to knee pain from falls, sprains or degenerative conditions such as arthritis.

The parts of the knee coordinate into a system to work smoothly and keep the legs moving. The joint formed at the knee connects the thigh bone (femur) with the shin bone (tibia) and is covered by the kneecap (patella). Ligaments and tendons join these bones and their associated muscles to provide flexibility and motion for the legs.

Some kinds of knee pain are caused by sudden trauma. Other conditions are the result of specific kinds of overuse or inflammation. For many older people, the onset of osteoarthritis produces knee pain and degeneration.

Physicians consulted for knee pain will conduct a physical examination to identify the pain. Imaging techniques such as x-rays, CAT scans or MRI can show the bones and soft tissues of the knee and may indicate the source of knee pain. Arthroscopy uses a specialized fiber optic instrument to view the interior of the knee and may also be used to repair damage.

Milder knee pain may be relieved with over-the-counter pain medications such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS). Rest, application of ice and elevation of the knee may also alleviate pain. More serious pain may require stronger medication, physical therapy or surgery. Grafts may be used to replace torn ligaments. Total knee replacement, a type of arthroplasty, uses artificial parts to replace the ends of the femur and tibia and can alleviate pain caused by degeneration of the joint.

People can prevent some knee problems by maintaining a healthy weight to minimize the strain on their knees. Exercises that promote stronger leg muscles will also help the knee, as will adequate warm-up and stretching before any exercise or athletic activity. Shoes that fit well and properly support the feet will also help prevent knee problems.

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